Single-phase reversible motor



Jan. 30, 1951 s. NOODLEMAN 2,539,357

SINGLE PHASE REVERSIBLE MOTOR Filed July 9, 1949 If rm 5 w z 0 2s 7 J5 1 L,

JNVENTOR.

SAMUEL NOQDLEMAN,

Hi5 fit mmmvg,

Patented Jan. 30, 1951 UNITED- STATES PATENT OFFICE SINGLE-PHASE REVERSIBLE MOTOR Samuel ,Noodhaman, Dayton, Ohio, assigncroto Louis B. Mahrt and D. Rohert Laughter'as trnstees-ior the,.Stand,ard Dayton corporationl Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio.

Application July9, 1949, Serial No. 103,897

2 Claims. (Cl. 318w207) This invention relates to a single phase reversible motor having improved means whereby the direction of rotation otthe anotor may be .instantly reversed.

This invention is an improvement over the invention shown. andclaimed in my earlier Patent No. 2,442,298.

An object of this invention :is to provide 'anelectromagnetic control device; that may be used."

in controlling the starter windings: of a split p ase motor, such that uponthe' currentbeing interrupted through the mote-rat the start-of the'motorreversing operation, the starter winding-will be connected into. the circuit insuch amanner that it first functions as a ;brake:in-arresting'the rotation ofthe motor-and theniun'c tionsas a conventional-starter winding aiding the main winding in bringing :the'rotor up to speed in the opposite-direction.q

Another obiectof this'invention is to provide.

an electromagnetic control device that is in part energized from a winding linking the flux of the motor directly under the phase or starter winding;

Another object of thisinvention'is to provide an improved automatic switching mechanism that open-circuits the starter winding when the motor attains a predetermined speed, said antomatic switching mechanism closing the circuit through the starter winding when therelative phase relation of the main and starter windings are reversed irrespective of the -motor speed.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved single phase motor arrangement which makes it possible to reverse the direction of rotation of the motoizby merely reversing the polarity of the windings withrespect to each other.

Still another'object ofthis invent-ion is to provide a controlavhich operates such that if there is a momentary interruption of the current due. to abnormal conditions rather than due to a .desireto actually. reverse the.:direction of rotation of the motor,=the.motor:wil1 notreverse its'direction of rotation;

Still another object of this-invention is to provide a motor reversing arrangement which makes it possible to usewasingle pole, double throw microswitoh 13f011 instantly; reversing the 5,.

direction of rotation otthe motor:-

Other "objects and advantages reside'intheconstruction of parts, the: combination thereofandirthe mode of operation, .as will become' mcre' pnarentfrom the following: description.

in thegdra ring, thesoleafismteaof the drawings shows a schematic. wiring diagram for usein 11-.

lustrating a preferred embodimentof my inven-: tion.

Referring now to the drawing, reference nur:

meral l0 designates the; rotor of av split phase motor having, first'and second main windings 12 and M respectively .which'are' wound in oppQ- sition to oneanother and only one of which is intended to be energized'at any, one time. Ref-Q erence numeral ifi'designatest-he phase orstarter winding which, for thewpurpose;of illustratiom hasbeen shown as-a starter winding of the type that is opened; when the motor-attains a pre determined speed-,-- A pick-up coil 32 :has been;v providedwhich is disposed directlybeneath thee phase winding so; as ,to link-a portion ofthe flux";

set up by the phase winding. It

The switch -l 8 has been providedin the starter; winding circuit-for opening the starter winding when the rotor; attains the desired speed,- aslwill shown. The control switch I8 for the phase winding I6 is actuated by a solenoid or relay coil 24 which is connected across pick-up coil 32 and the; resistance.34.;, The one asideiofthe coil; 24 is connected. to the power line .L1 through the main switch 26 andthe protective thermostat 28 and the other side is, connected-to; the terminal: i

30 provided between the" two main-windingsr;

The pick-up coil 32 is disposed--directly'be-w neath the phase windingglo so as to linka pore; tion of the flux set; up by ,the phasewinding; and so astozactgmuch thesame. in both 'directions of: rotationof the motor. irrespective ofthe polarity established :by oneor the other of; the; main windings. It has been-found that by-thus placinglthejpick-up coil-under-thephase winding rather-than underr-oneof the main windings,

it is possible to obtain better reversing char; I acteristics over a widen-voltage ;range It will; be n ted ithat "the c rcu t arran men :;;is. such";

thatthecurrentfl winsthro ehit :mai izwinde ins en ist; EQiflQW' hrouehet erp ckelm;c il:. a

and the resistance 34, whereby one obtains a leading voltage which better bucks the voltage of the pick-up coil which is placed under the phase winding. By virtue of this arrangement, very positive results are obtained. It will also be noted that the phase winding is always connected directly across the line whenever it is in circuit.

The resistance 34 shown in the drawing and referred to in the claims is intended to represent the electrical resistance of the pick-up coil circuit and consequently all of the resistance 3d may actually be in the windings of the pick-up coil per se, or, if desired, part of the resistance may be in the pick-up coil and part in the form of a separate resistance element arranged in series witha pick-up coil.

The current flowing to the main field winding is required to flow through the resistance 36 in the pick-up coil circuit and the resultant voltage drop caused by this current flow may be represented by a voltage vector which is in opposition to the voltage vector representing the voltage generated or induced in the pick-up coil 32 located under the phase winding.

The reactance of the pick-up coil is purposely made great enough to cause the sum of the vector voltages applied to the relay coil 24 to balance out when the motor comes up to speed so as to open the switch I8 and thereby deenergize the phase winding.

For purposes of illustrating my invention, I have shown the control applied to a motor having two main windings wound on opposite polarity, whereas the control could be used in a motor having only one main winding and in which a double throw, multiple pole switch is used for reversing the polarity in the single main winding. One of the advantages of using two main windings of opposite polarity is that it is possible to use a single pole, double throw microswitch 36 for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor.

The protective thermostat 28 is arranged in the one power line ahead of the control relay [9, with the result that all of the current flowing to the motor is required to pass through the thermostat 28. The thermostat 28 is of the type which responds to excessive ambient temperature or excessive current flow to the motor or to a combination of both. Thermostats of this type are now well-known and need no further description.

Summary of operation The motor is started by closing the switch which is arranged in the main power lines as shown. With the reversing switch 36 arranged in the position in which it is shown in the figure, the main winding [4 and the phase winding it will both be energized when the switch 26 is first closed and until the motor speed approaches normal running speed, at which time the'relay switch S8 will automatically open and disconnect the phase winding !6 so that the motor will continue to operate in the direction called for whenever the main winding M is energized.

The direction of rotation of the motor may be instantly reversed by moving the reversing switch 36 from its full line position to its dotted line position. At the instant that the reversing switch 36 is moved from the fu l line position to the dott d ine position. the field winding M is deenergized and the field winding I2 is energized so as to produce a field of opposite polarity to that formerly produced by the field winding i l. The current flowing to the main field winding will momentarily cause a voltage vector unbalance in the pick-up coil circuit which will cause the switch 58 to close so as to energize the phase winding l6. Energization of the phase winding helps to bring the motor to a stop and then helps to bring the motor back up to speed in the reverse direction before being cut out of the circuit by the solenoid operated switch l8 and this energization of the phase winding continues to hold the relay closed so long as the phase winding and the main winding combine to provide a rotating field which opposes the direction of rotation of the rotor. When the switch l8 first closes, the vector sum of the voltages applied to the switch operating relay 24 is such that sufficient current flows through the coil to hold the switch closed, but as the direction of rotation of the motor changes, the vector sum of the voltages is such that the switch opens when the speed of the rotor approaches normal running speed due to the bucking action produced by the voltage of the pick-up coil 32. The motor may subsequently be stopped simply by opening the main power switch 36. Upon reclosing the power switch 25, the motor will start up in the particular direction of operation for which the switch 36 is set.

Although the preferred embodiment of thedevice has been described, it will be understood that within the purview of this invention various changes may be made in the form, details, proportion and arrangement of parts, the combination thereof and mode of operation. which generally stated consist in a device capable of carrying out the objects set forth, as disclosed and defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a split phase motor; a first field winding; a second field winding arranged to produce a polarity opposite the polarity of said first winding; a phase winding; first switch means for se ective y connecting either one of said first or second field windings to a source of power; and means for controlling the flow of current through said phase winding; said last named means including a relay, a pick-up coil circuit including a resistance element and including a picl -up coil arranged adjacent said phase winding for linking the phase winding flux, and means for connecting said pick-up coil circuit across said relay whereby changes in the voltage across said pick-up coil circuit operate said relay.

2. In combination, a split phase motor provided with a pair of main field windings of opposite polarity and a phase winding, means arranged in series with said phase winding for providing phase displacement between the current flowing through said phase winding and any of the current flowing through either of said field windings, a source of power, means for connecting said phase winding to said source of power including a control switch, a solenoid for operating said control switch, means for selectively connecting one or the other of said main field windings to said source of power, a pick-up coil circuit including a resistance element and a pick-up coil disposed beneath said phase winding and linking a portion of the motor flux, and means for impressing the resultant voltage vector representing the product of the curr nt and the resistance in the pick-up coil circuit and the voltage generated in the pick-up SAMUEL NOODLEMAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number 6 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Merrill June 6, 1933 Werner Feb. 12, 1935 Werner Feb. 12, 1935 Werner Feb. 12, 1935 Werner Feb. 12, 1935 Werner Feb. 12, 1935 Werner Feb. 12, 1935 Noodleman May 25, 1948 Noodleman May 25, 1948 

